Yes, you can do it in the OpenStudio Application.

• Put a chiller onto the supply side of the Chilled water loop, and then on the demand side (via the My Model tab!) of the condenser loop.
• Now go to your heat recovery loop, and drag again the same chiller from "My Model" tab to the demand side of that loop. Your chiller will be on all three loops.
• The OpenStudio SDK logic in addToNode is that if you try to connect a ChillerElectricEIR to the demand side of a loop, if it's already connected on the demand side and does not have a Heat Recovery yet, then addToTertiaryNode is called. (see C++ source here)

addToTertiaryNode is still perfectly valid. ChillerElectricEIR is a WaterToWaterComponent, and the method is there (and functional, I just tested). https://s3.amazonaws.com/openstudio-sdk-documentation/cpp/OpenStudio-3.7.0-doc/model/html/classopenstudio_1_1model_1_1_water_to_water_component.html

• Your mistake is very likely that you aren't working with the chiller as a ChillerElectricEIR or a WaterToWaterComponent but probably as an HVACComponent or a ModelObject. You need to cast it, via modelObject.to_ChillerElectricEIR.get